Going back soon ......
It being a long time since i blog, maybe i am too lazy or nothing interesting to write ba . Or maybe i am a bording person with a boring life , lol. Anyway i will be going back sg soon in 5 days time after my exam. My exam is on 7th feb and my flight is on 8th feb . Quite a number of tasks to do when i go back sg. Repair laptop, buy textbooks, inks for printer , go sim lim buy stuffs meet up freds, eat cheese prata , get ang bao from ppl , etc...... Dunno enough time or not cos i will be back for abt 2 weeks , abt 22th feb need to go back brisbane for my final semester of study which i am looking foward to. Btw, now is study week and i dun seem to have the mood to study , dunno will fail or not , haha . Nevermind , if fail then next semester take one more subject loh. Regret to have choose this elective , seem difficult to me . It talk abt management stuff. Learn abt decision making , leadership , control , strategy etc.... BORED . I have memorize some stuff in my brain, think i will use the brain-dump tactics on this coming exam and keep my finger crossed that i will pass. Here is a section of what i memorize , "Control is the regulating of organisational activities so performance conforms to set goals and standard. Control are important to help managers handle five challenges: coping with uncertainty, detecting irregularities, identifying opportunities, decentralising authority and handling complex situations. Just as planning responsibilities differ by levels, control responsibilities exist at stragetic, tactical and operation levels.
The basic control process has several major steps : (1) Determine areas to control (2) set standards (3) Measure performance (4) Compare performance to standard (5a) if standard met or exceed, recognise performance (5b) if standard not met , take corrective action as needed (6)Adust standard and measures as needed. The resource-independence approach to control argues managers must consider control in areas where they depend on other for resources to achieve organisational goals. (forget liao...., took a glance at notes)Four conditions to help show when control should be used are: a high dependence on resources, an expectation resource flow may be unacceptable without control, feasibility in instituting a control process and acceptable process cost. There are different control types. Major types of control based on timing are feedforward, concurrent and feedback. Manager may need to use multiple control systems which used two or more feedforward, concurrent and feedback control process and involve some stragetic control points. Finally , system can be cybernetic or non-cybernetic depending on how much human discretion is part of the system. That all i have memorize so far, still got 2 paragraphs not yet memorize yet. Still got 4 days to my exam , i need to memorize 4 papers of stuffs in my brain , hopefully i dun forget when i am taking the exam. Another thing is the exam timing , it 8am , wow lau , so early ..... i prefer afternoon . Nevermind , faster finished the paper , faster go home sleep and pack luggage for next day flight . Another one i memorize is abt leadership stuffs. It start with ... ' Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve organisational goals. Leader use six major powers to affect others' behaviours : legitimate, coercive, reward, information, expert and referent. Leaders must use this power carefully to encourage commitment and increase power, not diminish it. Researchers have had limited success identifying common traits disguishing leader from non-leaders. Their efforts suggest some general traits such as intelligence and dominance , and some other may apply only in specific situations. Studying leader behaviours provided a more promising research direction. The Iowa, Michigan and Ohio state researchers represent initial efforts identifying effective leadership behaviours or styles. The Ohio state researcher found two leadership behaviours : initating structure and consideration , viewed as independent dimensions not opposite ends of a continuum. Unfortunately a leader showing high initating structure and high consideration may not always get the best results. The leadership grid emphasis on concern for people and for production. Studies indicated that male and female managers have same level in interpersonal and task behaviours exhibited.
Situational leadership theories grew from recognising that a leader behaviour that work well in one situation are not as effective in another. Fiedler's contingency theory hold that a leader effectiveness depend on whether the leader's LPC fits the situation as set by leader-member relations, task structure and position power. Situational leadership thoery argues that leader must alter their combination of task and relationships behaviours according to follower task readiness. The path-goal theory relies on expectancy motivation theory and attempts to explain how leader influences subordinates' motivation and job satisfaction.
Transformational leadership can be important in innovation as it motivate individuals to perform above normal expections pursuing new visions. It add-on to transactional leadership, as both are required.
There is some evidence that show that leader make little or no difference in some contexts. One reason why is not so important is that there are substitutes for leadership. Also the organisational life cycle may affect emphasis placed on transformational and transactional leadership. END .........
Think i left out a sentence after checking it
Which is 'The normative leadership model aids leader determine how much they should involve subordinates in decision making.'
erm..... Think i stop here and continue memorizing , lol. Have not been sleeping from 3am until now , now is abt 1:43pm. Hope that exam is over soon...... Gong Xi Fa Cai to all my freds and relative and those reading all this nonsense ........
Take care and Bye bye ..........
The basic control process has several major steps : (1) Determine areas to control (2) set standards (3) Measure performance (4) Compare performance to standard (5a) if standard met or exceed, recognise performance (5b) if standard not met , take corrective action as needed (6)Adust standard and measures as needed. The resource-independence approach to control argues managers must consider control in areas where they depend on other for resources to achieve organisational goals. (forget liao...., took a glance at notes)Four conditions to help show when control should be used are: a high dependence on resources, an expectation resource flow may be unacceptable without control, feasibility in instituting a control process and acceptable process cost. There are different control types. Major types of control based on timing are feedforward, concurrent and feedback. Manager may need to use multiple control systems which used two or more feedforward, concurrent and feedback control process and involve some stragetic control points. Finally , system can be cybernetic or non-cybernetic depending on how much human discretion is part of the system. That all i have memorize so far, still got 2 paragraphs not yet memorize yet. Still got 4 days to my exam , i need to memorize 4 papers of stuffs in my brain , hopefully i dun forget when i am taking the exam. Another thing is the exam timing , it 8am , wow lau , so early ..... i prefer afternoon . Nevermind , faster finished the paper , faster go home sleep and pack luggage for next day flight . Another one i memorize is abt leadership stuffs. It start with ... ' Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve organisational goals. Leader use six major powers to affect others' behaviours : legitimate, coercive, reward, information, expert and referent. Leaders must use this power carefully to encourage commitment and increase power, not diminish it. Researchers have had limited success identifying common traits disguishing leader from non-leaders. Their efforts suggest some general traits such as intelligence and dominance , and some other may apply only in specific situations. Studying leader behaviours provided a more promising research direction. The Iowa, Michigan and Ohio state researchers represent initial efforts identifying effective leadership behaviours or styles. The Ohio state researcher found two leadership behaviours : initating structure and consideration , viewed as independent dimensions not opposite ends of a continuum. Unfortunately a leader showing high initating structure and high consideration may not always get the best results. The leadership grid emphasis on concern for people and for production. Studies indicated that male and female managers have same level in interpersonal and task behaviours exhibited.
Situational leadership theories grew from recognising that a leader behaviour that work well in one situation are not as effective in another. Fiedler's contingency theory hold that a leader effectiveness depend on whether the leader's LPC fits the situation as set by leader-member relations, task structure and position power. Situational leadership thoery argues that leader must alter their combination of task and relationships behaviours according to follower task readiness. The path-goal theory relies on expectancy motivation theory and attempts to explain how leader influences subordinates' motivation and job satisfaction.
Transformational leadership can be important in innovation as it motivate individuals to perform above normal expections pursuing new visions. It add-on to transactional leadership, as both are required.
There is some evidence that show that leader make little or no difference in some contexts. One reason why is not so important is that there are substitutes for leadership. Also the organisational life cycle may affect emphasis placed on transformational and transactional leadership. END .........
Think i left out a sentence after checking it
Which is 'The normative leadership model aids leader determine how much they should involve subordinates in decision making.'
erm..... Think i stop here and continue memorizing , lol. Have not been sleeping from 3am until now , now is abt 1:43pm. Hope that exam is over soon...... Gong Xi Fa Cai to all my freds and relative and those reading all this nonsense ........
Take care and Bye bye ..........
posted by Thomas at 6:43 PM
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